Roof construction



May 19, 1964 Filed Feb. 23, 1961 N. G. JACKSON ROOF CONSTRUCTION 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTOR Norman 6. Jackson ATTORNEY-5 y 1964 N. G. JACKSON 3,133,377

7 ROOF CONSTRUCTION Filed Feb. 23, 1961 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR Norman 6'. Jae/(son ATTORNEYS May 19, 1964 Filed Feb. 25, 1961 N. G. JACKSON ROOF CONSTRUCTION 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 ATTORNEYS N. G. JACKSON ROOF CONSTRUCTION May '19, 1964 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 Filed Feb. 23, 1961 INVENTOR 2% a W ATTORNEYS May 19, 1964 N. cs. JACKSON ROOF CONSTRUCTION 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 Filed Feb. 23, 1961 ATTORNEYS United States Patent ,Ofiice.

3,133,377 ROOF CONSTRUCTION Norman G. Jackson, 2609 NW. 19th St., Fort Lauderdale, Fla. Filed Feb. 23, N51, Ser. No. 91,130 9 Claims. (Cl. l-19) This invention relates to a new and improved roof, particularly suitable for use on buildings constructed in mild or warm climates, and where durability, waterproofness, and attractive appearance are desired.

This application is a continuation-in-part of my copending application Serial No. 11,008, filed February 25, 1960, and now abandoned.

The purposes and objects of this invention may be better understood if it is first considered in relation to the present practices in the construction of roofs which are employed in the milder or warm climates of the country, such as, for example, in Florida. At the present time, there are basically three types of roofs employed. One of these is known as the asphalt and gravel or pitch and gravel built-up roof. This roof consists of alternate layers of pitch or asphalt and building paper, applied over the roof sheathing, and topped off, if desired, with a layer of surfacing aggregate such as gravel, or in some cases marble chips. This is an economical roof construction and provides very good waterproofing, but is unattractive,

especially after a short period of time when the gravel is partially washed off the surface of the roof.

A second type of roof commonly employed is, called a cement tile roof. This consists of precast cement tiles laid in mortar beds over 90-pound mineral surface roll roofing. This is ordinarily applied over -pound felt, or building paper, which has been mopped with hot asphalt. The felt or building paper, in turn, is nailed to the roof sheathing or roof deck, as in taking the preliminary step of constructing a built-up roof. This type of roof is widely used, but its relatively great weight is a disadvantage, the average house requiring about ten to twelve tons of tile. The cost of the tile roof, although providing no better waterproofing than the built-up roof, is considerably greater, its more widespread use depending principally on its more attractive appearance.

A third type of roof is known as the Bermuda roof, and this consists of an integral insulating concrete slab over the entire area of the'roof, the slab being formed with a series of parallel steps which are equally spaced from the ridge to the eaves. This provides the most attractive roof of all, and also provides some insulation. This roof, however, is costly, and has some objectionable features, Nevertheless, in spite of some faults, and the high cost of the roof, it is widely used and preferred by architects and builders because of its attractive appearance.

The present invention provides an improved roof construction which has the advantages of low cost and waterproofness equal to that of the built-up type of roof, and the attractiveness of the Bermuda roof, as well as the additional advantage of being able, if desirable, to provide control of the flow of water falling onto the roof, thereby eliminating the need for gutters. The elimination of gutters improves the appearance of the structure and at the same time reduces cost. The principal advantage, however, is the provision of an attractive, waterproof, long-lasting roof at a low cost, the design inherently being such that it readily permits controlling the flow of water falling onto the roof.

The invention in its preferred embodiments, contemplates the provision of roof structures which, while preserving the weatherproof properties of the best of the prior constructions, presents an appearance, from eye level of an observer on the ground, which closely approxi- 3,133,377 Patented May 19, 1964 mates that of the most appealing over-all tile roofs or the very popular Bermuda roof. However, this novel roof structure affords a saving in costs over such roofs which is quite substantial.

While the general pattern and materials employed may be varied somewhat within the scope of the invention, the novel structure comprises a basic waterproof membrane covering which may conveniently be of the built-up type comprising building paper, pitch or asphalt, and gravel or aggregate. Then panels of suitable material are applied so as to extend in directions parallel with the eaves, these panels being spaced apart in the direction of the slope of the roof and preferably being thicker at their forward edges than at their rearward ones, so that the spaces between the panels cannot be seen from the ground. The panels are either made of material which simulates the appearance of the tile used in the cement tile roof, or of the concrete slabs of the Bermuda roof, or are coated to thus resemble such more expensive structures. In some embodiments the faces of the panels may be made to simulate irregular roofing surfaces such as shingles or hand hewn wood shakes.

The two principal objects of the invention set forth above, namely, the control of water flow and the purposeful prominence given the front faces of the panels, cooperate in a quite felicitous fashion. By providing a barrier for the downward flow of water along the slope of the roof, and directing and guiding such flow around or past the panels by way of any path except over the top, the cascading of water drainage down the exposed ornamental faces of the panels and consequent staining or discoloration is avoided.

Other objects and features of novelty, including the provision of novel gable end constructions, special tile elements, and improved metal eave strips, will be apparent from the following specification when read in connection with the accompanying drawings in which certain embodiments of the invention are illustrated by way of example.

In the drawings: FIGURE 1 is a top plan view of a hip roof constructed according to the invention; 3

FIGURE 2 is a top plan view of a gable-end roof according to the invention;

FIGURE 3 is a perspective view showing the junction of roof panels at one hip of a roof of the kind illustrated in FIGURE 1;

FIGURE 4 is a cross-sectional view on the line 4-4 of FIGURE 2, illustrating the manner in which the cave panel of the roof is formed, and the manner in which the roof panels are formed, the forming members being illustrated in dotted lines;

FIGURE 5 is a perspective view of a portion of the cave metal support which is preferably, although not necessarily, employed in constructing a roof according to the invention;

FIGURE 6 is a vertical cross-sectional view on the line 6-6 of FIGURE 2 illustrating the manner in which the 9 9 of FIGURE 8;

FIGURE 10 is a similar view of a portion of the waterproof basic roof structure on an enlarged scale;

FIGURE 11 is a fragmentary vertical sectional view through still another embodiment of novel roof structure;

FIGURE 12 is a view in perspective of one of the rather 3 elongated precast panels employed in the construction shown in FIGURE 11;

FIGURE 13 is a sectional view, similar to FIGURE 11, of an irregular form of panel but with an ornamental face extending in an approximately vertical direction;

FIGURE 14 is a fragmentary view in front elevation of a junction of two such panels;

FIGURE 15 is a perspective view of such a panel viewed at an angle from the rear; and

FIGURE 16 is a perspective view showing more of the front face of the panel.

A roof according to the present invention comprises a waterproof base roof on which is positioned shaped panels which may be formed to control the flow of water falling on the roof. These panels are preferably applied after the base roof has been laid according to known practices. Following the application of the panels, the roof is preferably primed and painted with a mortar paint in order to give it an attractive uniform appearance. When thus constructed, the roof has the attractive appearance, especially from eye level, of the expensive Bermuda roof, the durability and waterproofness of a built-up roof, and the added advantages of low cost and elimination of the need for gutters.

The base roof employed may be provided by following the practices for installing a built-up roof. A suitable base roof may also be provided by the application to the usual roof deck of 30-pound roll roofing and mopping over it a 90-pound slate surface roll roofing. The basic requirement is that, following well-known procedures in the roofing trade, there is applied over the roof deck a relatively flat, durable, weatherproof covering which will provide the desired waterproofness. This covering may, as indicated above, consist of several layers, for example, alternate layers of pitch and building paper, or may consist of a single waterproof layer.

A series of panels are then placed or formed on the base roof in such manner that when the finished roof is viewed from ground level it appears to be an integral, contoured roof. In addition, the panels may, if desired, be formed in such a way that water falling on the roof may be diverted to one side or the other, or partially to each side. This permits guiding the water directly to the point where a down-spout may be installed, thereby preventing it from cascading down the exposed faces of the panels and also eliminating the'need for gutters along the eaves of the roof. In general, these panels are long, relatively narrow, either monolithic or built-up, members which have a cross-sectional form wherein their front edge is of greater height than their rear edge. The front edge is ordinarily formed straight, but the rear edge may be formed at an angle to the front edge to obtain the previously mentioned control of the direction of water flow on the roof. The panels may be formed of any satisfactory construction material and preferably, of course, of one which is or can be colored as necessary to'give the roof a uniform appearance when that is desired. Panels may, for example, be constructed of wood, metal or concrete. The manner of securing wood or metal panels in position on the roof is apparent, as no special considera tions are involved.

It was surprising to find, however, that the panels could successfully be formed of concrete, and particularly lightinsulating concrete, and that they would securely grip and retain their position on the base roof even though the panels are structurally independent of one another. This aspect of the invention is clearly illustrated in the drawings. For example, the panels may be cast in place on the base roof from an insulating concrete mix comprising one bag of Portland cement (one cubic foot), four cubic feet of expanded vermiculite, and twelve gallons of water. Obviously, other well-known types of light-weight aggregate may be employed, and the relative amount of Portland cement varied according to the structural strength desired in the set concrete. The specific one to four mix described above has been found to be satisfactory in use, but experience also indicates that other thinner mixes, for example one to six, may also be employed.

*IGURE 1 illustrates an application of one form of the invention to a hip roof, and FIGURE 2 to a gable-end roof. The eave panels 19 and the roof panels 12 are the same in either case. Differences in construction appear only in connection with the treatment of the gable end of a roof as shown in FIGURE 2, and this is discussed later in connection with FIGURES 6 and 7. The cave panel 14) and the roof panels 12 are shown positioned on a base roof 14 of the kind described earlier. The crosssectional forms of these panels are shown in FIGURE 4. The form of the cave panel 10 differs from the panels 12 principally in that the face of the cave panel is extended downwardly to overhang the edge of the roof. The preferred cross-sectional shape of all panels is such that the top of the front edge 1.6 is at a greater elevation than that of the rear edge 18, when the panels are positioned on the roof. This aids in controlling the flow of large amounts of water on the roof, and improves the appearance of the roof from ground level by largely obscuring from sight the rear portions of the panels. The rear edges 18 of the panels are formed to provide faces 24 in this embodiment, but as described below may be tapered to a relatively thin rear edge. In the drawings the rear edges 18 of the panels diverge from the front edges from either side toward the middles. This shaping causes water falling on the roof to flow longitudinally of the roof as illustrated by the arrows in FIGURES 1 and 2. If desired the rear edge may also be formed straight but at an angle to the front edge to divert all the water to one side of the roof only. As shown, the front edges of the panels are placed parallel to the eaves, or at the same elevation all along the roof, so that any angularity between the front and rear edges will provide a variation in elevation along the rear edge which is needed to cause the desired flow. It will be understood from the above that water falling on the roof will not flow directly to the eaves cascading over the clean front faces of the panels and, of further importance, that the water is diverted at a number of places (at each panel) so that during heavy storms the flow will not exceed the capacity to divert the flow away from the eaves. This, of course, eliminates the need for gutters, and the water may be directed directly to a down-spout or any other selected discharge point.

FIGURE 3 illustrates the juncture of panels at the hip 0f the type of roof illustrated in FIGURE 1. The ends of the panels are formed so that the rear edges are spaced apart more than the front, thus providing a funneling effect to guide the flow of water between the ends of the two panels.

FIGURE 4 illustrates the manner in which insulating concrete may be used to form the panels. A roof deck, formed by sheathing 22. supported on rafters 24 has applied to it a layer of 30-pound felt indicated at 26. The roof edge support 34 is installed over the felt 26. The roof edge support 34 is shown in FIGURE 5 and this is installed only along the eaves. A support 34a as shown in FIGURE 6 is installed along the gable end of a roof as shown in FIGURE 2, also over the felt 26. The felt 26 is mopped with bitumen 28 and two overlapped 15- pound felts 3t) are embedded therein, and mopped so that the overlapping portions of the felts are not in contact. Over this a flood coating of bitumen 32 is applied and the surfacing aggregate embedded therein.

Forms are then provided for pouring the cave panels by fixing a strip 36 to the roof face piece 37 so that it underlies the lower horizontal plate of the roof edge support 34-. The upright form member 38 is fixed to the strip 36. A further form member ll is positioned to provide the desired contour for the rear edge of the panel, if this edge is not to be feathered. The panel lltl is then cast and may be shaped as shown in FIGURE 4, preferably with a specially designed trowel. A reinforcing strip 41 may be embedded in the cave panel, as shown. The forms for panels 12 are shown in FIGURE 4 as consisting of the members 42, 44 for the front face and 46 for the rear. When the concrete is properly set up, the form members are removed and the entire roof, preferably, primed and coated with a masonry paint to give it a uniform appearance. 7

As shown in FIGURE 5, the edge support 34 comprises a horizontally disposed plate 48 which overlies the edge of the roof deck, a vertical web 50, and a horizontally disposed plate 52 which underlies the roof edge.

The gable-end of the type of roof shown in FIGURE 2 is finished off as shown in FIGURE 6 in order to complete the visual effect of an integrally poured roof. As stated above, an edge support 34a, shown in FIGURE 7, is employed. This is similar to the edge support 34 used on the eaves, except it is provided with a strip of expanded metal lath disposed along its length which is fastened to the outwardly facing surface of the web 50. The forms for the gable-end may be provided by members such as 56, 58 for the front face which are, of course, removed when the concrete edge has set.

Generally, the faces of the roof panels, those inwardly from the eave panel will be anywhere from about two to four inches in height, and the face of the cave panel from about four and a half to about five inches in height.

The embodiment shown in FIGURES 8, 9 and of the drawings differs somewhat from the one first described in that there are provided novel gable end and cave constructions.

The roof framing structure includes the eave facing piece 60 and the corresponding gable end pieces 61, and the roof deck or sheathing indicated at 62 covers the entire roof area. The overlying laminated Waterproof membrane structure is indicated in its entirety by the reference numeral 65 and is shown quite diagrammatically in FIGURE 8. The novel panel structure is similar to the one described in connection with FIGURES 1-4 of the drawings and includes the eave panel 10a and the roof paneling 12a which may be shaped and cast in the same way as described in connection with the earlier embodiments. Of course, between these panels are the exposed built-up membrane roofing areas indicated at 66 which are not visible from eye level at the ground surface, the line of sight from that vantage point being approximately as indicated by the broken line designated A in FIG- URE 9.

Referring now to FIGURES 9 and 10, especially to FIGURE 10 where the layers or membranes of the built-up waterproof basic covering structure are shown in exaggerated vertical dimension, the lamination of the structure 65 will now be described. Over the sheathing 2 is first nailed a layer of thirty-pound roofing felt indicated at 70. Over the felt layer 70 there is mopped a layer of bitumen indicated at 71. Embedded into the mopping are two plies of lapped fifteen-pound roofing felt, the layers being mopped so that the felt surfaces do not contact each other. These layers of roofing felt are indicated at 72 and 73 and the intervening bitumen layer at 74. Over the upper layer of felt, indicated at 73, there is placed the horizontally extending panel 76 of the novel metal strip 75. Over this flange there is secured, by means of layers of bitumen, one of which is suggested at 77, a rather narrow strip of fifteen-pound roofing felt indicated at 78 and a wider strip of felt of the same weight denoted at 79. On top of this there is secured a somewhat wider strip (say about 18 inches) of ninety-pound slate surface roofing material indicated diagrammatically at 80.

Now over the entire surface thus far described, there is applied a uniform flood coat of bitumen which should extend to approximately eight inches of the eave of the roof and which is consequently not shown in the large 6 scale FIGURE 10 but is indicated at 82 in FIGURE 9. Over this flood coat there is embedded the surfacing rock or aggregate before the flood coat of bitumen has had time to cool. This rock coating is suggested at 83 in FIGURE 9.

Then over this waterproof general roof covering membrane structure, there are installed the panels 10a and 12a of concrete, cement, or other material. It is pre ferred, as in the embodiment previously described, that these panels be cast in place by the use of suitable strip forms, although within the general scope of the invention, the panels may be pre-formed and adhesively secured to the basic waterproof roof structure by the use ofcement or hinder of any suitable type.

A novel feature of this embodiment of the invention involves the eaves strip 75 which is shaped, as clearly indicated in FIGURE 10 of the drawings, with its widest approximately horizontal flange 76 embedded between certain of the layers of the basic roof membrane assembly with a nose portion 85 projecting outwardly of the eave of the roof structure and then return-bent to stand at an angle with the edge of the roof as indicated at 86 and thence downwardly along the sheathing and facing strip 62 and 60 as at 87 with a final angularly outwardly bent flange 88. This protective strip is thus securely anchored within the basic roof structure in a waterproof manner and provides protection for the underlying portions of the roof structure with a drip flange 88, at the same time providing a finishing-off trim of ornamental aspect.

One of the prominent features of this embodiment of the invention resides in the provision of the stepped gable end wall 90, this edging wall being made of lightweight concrete similar to the main panels 10a and 12a and of a sawtooth configuration as clearly indicated in FIGURES 8 and 9 of the drawings. It is suggested that the maximum outward vertical dimension of each step indicated at 91 be slightly greater than the corresponding dimension 92 at the inner side of the edge structure so that there is a slight inward slope to the upper surfaces of the stepped edge structure, this slope being indicated very clearly at 93 in FIGURE 9 of the drawings as showing the gable end structure at the far side of the roof. While this feature is an advantageous and ornamental one, it may be omitted in some constructions. Waterways indicated at 95 are preferably left between the ends of the panels 10a and 12a and the gable end trim 90 for proper drainage of the roof areas 66, thus preventing cascading of dirty water over the panels and soiling the exposed faces thereof.

Preferably, in all of the embodiments of the invention described and suggested above, the entire roof including panels, basic roof coverage and gable end structure are finished 01f with an approved grade of masonry coating. Also, in cases where the best concrete mixes and materials may not be employed, it may be found to be desirable to coat at least the exposed forward faces of all of the panels and the steps of the gable end wall structures with an elastic bridging coating composed of a vinyl plastic material. This provides a tough adhering integral sheathing which bridges any surface or joint cracks, pits, or scars in the concrete material and is sufficiently elastic to preclude the development of cracks in its own surface.

In FIGURE 11 of the drawings there is shown a modified construction under the principles of this invention in which a pre-cast panel unit is employed, for example, as shown at and illustrated in perspective in FIGURE 12. This unit comprises a generally prismatic body portion 151 which is constructed of lightweight concrete, this portion being of substantially triangular cross-section except for the low flat rear edge surface 152 which may be approximately perpendicular to the basic roof surface to which it is applied, and except for the provision of the arcuate or approximately semi-circular grooves or channels 155 which provide keying means for the mortar employed to set the panels in place on the roof surface.

Suitably bonded, cemented, or otherwise secured to the front face of the base member 151 is the face slab 169, this face member being constructed of white cement with a very slick finish. Preferably the member 160 projects somewhat above the maximum height of the base member .151 as indicated at 161, to better form a damming or diversion means to prevent cascading of rain water, and the bottom edge of the face member 160 is set slightly higher than the base of the member 151 leaving a space indicated at 162 in FIGURE 11.

In FIGURE 11 the roof deck or sheating is suggested at 179 and the laminated waterproofing covering membrane, shown diagrammatically at 1'72, is laid upon the sheathing 1'79 and is topped with the surface layer of rock or aggregate as indicated at 175.

The panels 15%), although of a roughly triangular or prismatic configuration in this embodiment, effectively serve one of the principal functions of the invention in maintaining the appearance, from eye level on the street, of an expensive tile roof or the popular Bermuda roof, the front surfaces of the facing slabs 163 being the only portions of the roof observable from such vantage point and the interveningrock or aggregate covered membrane surfaces as at 1319 not being visible except from unusual angles as from the air or higher structures.

Of course, the surfaces of the entire finished roof structure in this instance are preferably covered with a good grade of masonry paint or other coating material as in the previous embodiments; and also if desired, the front surfaces of the facing slabs or panels 166 may be coated with the elastic bridging coating suggested for treatment of the other embodiments.

In FIGURES 13-16 of the drawings another form of paneling for tlr's type of roof is presented which also provides an aspect from eye level at the front of the building resembling shakes or some other irregular pattern.

The panels 320 in this case have asloping rearward surface 321 similar to some of the earlier embodiments. Also, the front face 322 occupies generally a plane perpendicular to the roof surface, although this face is provided with irregular projections 323 as shown.

The basic supporting roof structure 325 and the waterproof membrane covering 326 are the same or similar to those already disclosed, and the panels are undercut as at 328 to receive the cement 329.

Interlocking projections and recesses characterize the end structure 330 of adjoining units, the junctions preferably being cemented as at 331 in FIGURE 14.

It is understood that various changes and modifications may be made in the embodiments illustrated and described herein without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the following claims.

Having thus described the invention, What is claimed as new and desired to be secured by Letters Patent is:

1. A building roof construction sloping downwardly and forwardly toward the caves and comprising a basic water resistant covering layer which in itself is of a character affording normal protection against the elements but which may be of unsatisfactory appearance esthetically, and, positioned thereon, additional roof covering structure comprising a plurality of substantially horizontally disposed panels extending in transverse directions intersecting the direction of slope of the roof, and said panels being spaced apart along the slope of the roof leaving uncovered intervening areas of said basic covering layer, each panel including a wall of substantial vertical dimensions, the spacing between successive panels being such that, taking into consideration the angle of slope of the roof and the height of the panels, the front faces of said panels will conceal the intervening areas of the uncovered basic layer from view from in front of the building.

2. The roof construction as set forth in claim 1 in which each panel comprises a substantially prismatic base structure and a forwardly facing slab bonded thereto, said slab having a smoothly finished front surface.

3. The roof construction as set forth in claim 1 in which the extreme forward portion of the panel is flattened on its top surface to form a narrow substantially horizontal ledge, and the rear portions are tapered to a thin feathered rear edge. I

4. The roof construction as set forth in claim 1 in which at least the forwardly facing surfaces of said panels are provided with an elastic bridging coating for the obliteration of surface and jointure cracks, pits, or other imperfections in the surfaces exposed to view.

5. A roof construction as set forth in claim 1 in which the front faces of the panels are formed irregularly to simulate forwardly projecting portions of conventional rough hewn wooden shakes.

6. A roof construction as set forth in claim 5 in which a horizontally extending pre-cast elongated panel is subdivided into two or more sections with the abutting ends having irregular mating projections and recesses for interlocking engagement, such interlocking parts conforming to the pattern of the irregular face portions so as to substantially conceal the joints between said sections.

7. The roof construction as set forth in claim 1 in which the additional roof structure includes a low wall along the edge of the gable end of said sloping roof structure, said wall also being of a height to conceal the uncovered basic layer of the roof structure from view at various angles to said gable end.

8. A roof construction as set forth in claim 1 in which said panels are disposed horizontally with the front edges of the panels parallel with the caves of the roof, the rearward edge portions of each panel being lower than the forward portions and formed at an angle to the front edges whereby water falling on the roof will be directed laterally of said panels to bypass the panels thus avoiding cascading over the tops and front faces thereof.

9. A building roof construction sloping downwardly and forwardly toward the eaves and comprising a basic Water resistant covering layer which in itself is of a character affording normal protection against the elements but which may be of unsatisfactory appearance esthetically and, positioned thereon, additional roof covering structure comprising a plurality of substantially horizontally disposed panels extending in transverse directions intersecting the direction of slope of the roof, and being spaced apart along the slope of the roof leaving uncovered intervening areas of said basic covering layer, each of said panels comprising an upstanding wall structure having a thickness extending in the direction of slope of the roof, the forward faces of the upstanding walls of the several panels being a portion of the roof construction visible from in front of the building; the upstanding wall structures comprising means for preventing drainage water from cascading over the tops and exposed front faces of said panels.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 344,228 Waltz June 22, 1886 633,984 Blocher Oct. 3, 1899 732,883 Normandin July 7, 1903 853,909 Tayntor May 14, 1907 1,270,541 Mueller June 25, 1918 1,632,421 Stevenson June 14, 1927 1,673,991 Overbury June 19, 1928 2,270,537 Ludington Jan. 20, 1942 2,542,581 Schreffier Feb. 20, 1951 

1. A BUILDING ROOF CONSTRUCTION SLOPING DOWNWARDLY AND FORWARDLY TOWARD THE EAVES AND COMPRISING A BASIC WATER RESISTANT COVERING LAYER WHICH IN ITSELF IS OF A CHARACTER AFFORDING NORMAL PROTECTION AGAINST THE ELEMENTS BUT WHICH MAY BE OF UNSATISFACTORY APPEARANCE ESTHETICALLY, AND, POSITIONED THEREON, ADDITIONAL ROOF COVERING STRUCTURE COMPRISING A PLURALITY OF SUBSTANTIALLY HORIZONTALLY DISPOSED PANELS EXTENDING IN TRANSVERSE DIRECTIONS INTERSECTING THE DIRECTION OF SLOPE OF THE ROOF, AND SAID PAN- 